課文講解錄音
課文
8 月 3 日 星期一
每日英語
Phrases and Clauses 詞組與子句
教學目標:
完成本課後,你可以:
- 分辨 parts of speech (詞性)中的其中三個: noun (名詞)、adjective (形容詞) 和 verb (動詞)。
- 分辨 phrase(詞組) 和 clause(子句)。
- 找出句子中的名詞詞組、形容詞詞組和動詞詞組。
- 明白英文句子的基本結構:subject(主語)+ verb(動詞)+ other information(其他資料)。
- 運用詞組和子句描述身體狀況、日常生活及簡單事情。
1. Parts of Speech 詞性(非全部)
A. Noun 名詞
A noun is a word for a person, place, thing, or idea.
名詞係表示 人、地方、物件,或者 概念 嘅字。
Examples
- Person: doctor 醫生, sister 姊/妹
- Place: hospital 醫院, London 倫敦
- Thing: pain 痛, chair 椅
- Idea: happiness 快樂, time 時間
B. Adjective 形容詞
An adjective is a word that describes a noun.
形容詞係用嚟 形容名詞 嘅字。
Examples
- sharp pain (劇痛 / 尖銳嘅痛)
- big house (大屋)
- tired doctor (攰嘅醫生)
- easy lesson (容易嘅課)
C. Verb 動詞
A verb is a word that shows an action or a state.
動詞係表示 動作 或者 狀態 嘅字。
Action: run, eat, speak (跑、食、講)
State: be (am, is, are), feel, have (係、 覺得 / 感覺、 有)
Examples
- You have this pain. (你有呢種痛。)
- She is tired. (佢[係]好攰。)
- They run every day. (佢哋每日都跑步。)
2. 三種常見詞組
A. Noun Phrase 名詞詞組
A noun phrase works like a noun. It can be a subject or an object.
名詞詞組好似一個名詞咁用,可以做主語 (做動作嘅人) 或受詞 (接受動作嘅嘢)。
名詞詞組:
- the sharp pain (呢種刺痛)
- my sister (我姐姐)
- this big house (呢間大屋)
- a cup of tea (一杯茶)
- the medicine from the doctor (醫生開嘅藥)
Examples
- The sharp pain is worrying.
(呢種刺痛令人擔心。) - I need a cup of tea.
(我需要一杯茶。) - My sister called me.
(我姐姐打畀我。)
- The sharp pain is worrying.
Subject 主語 – verb 動詞- object 受詞
I (subject) need (verb) a cup of tea (object)
我(主語) 要(動詞) 一杯茶(受詞)
B. Adjective Phrase 形容詞詞組
An adjective phrase describes a noun or gives information about the subject.
形容詞詞組用嚟形容名詞,或者講明主語係點。
形容詞詞組:
- very sharp (非常尖銳)
- quite painful (相當痛)
- easy to understand (容易明白)
- worried about the pain (擔心呢種痛)
Examples
- The pain is very sharp.
(啲痛非常刺痛。) - This lesson is easy to understand.
(呢課容易明白。) - She feels quite weak.
(佢覺得相當虛弱。)
- The pain is very sharp.
C. Verb Phrase 動詞詞組
A verb phrase contains the main verb and, if present, helper verbs such as be,
have, or will.動詞詞組包括主要動詞,以及可能出現嘅助動詞。
動詞詞組:
- is waiting (正在等)
- has been living (一直住)
- will go (會去)
- can help (可以幫忙)
- did not sleep (冇瞓覺)
Examples
- She is waiting outside.
(佢而家喺出面等緊。) - He has been living here for years.
(佢喺度住咗好多年。) - I will go tomorrow.
(我聽日會去。)
- She is waiting outside.
2. Phrase 詞組 同 Clause子句嘅分別
A. Phrase 詞組
A phrase is a group of words that works together, but it does not contain a complete subject–verb idea.
詞組係幾個一齊運作嘅字,但通常唔包含完整嘅「主語+動詞」意思。
詞組:
- the sharp pain (呢種刺痛)
- my sister (我姐姐)
- in the morning (喺朝早)
- very weak (非常虛弱)
- after the appointment (覆診之後)
B. Clause 子句
A clause is a group of words containing a subject and a verb.
子句通常有主語同動詞;有些子句可以獨立成為完整句子,
有些則需要連接另一個子句。
子句:
- You have chest pain. (你胸口痛。)
- My sister is waiting. (我姐姐正在等候。)
- because I feel weak (因為我覺得虛弱)
- when I walk (當我行路嗰陣)
快速測試
問自己兩個問題:
- 有冇「邊個/乜嘢」做主語?
- 有冇動詞或動詞組?
如果有主語和動詞,通常是 clause;
如果只是一些字組合在一起,通常是 phrase。
3. Clause 的兩個主要種類
A. Independent Clause 獨立子句
An independent clause expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence.
獨立子句表達完整意思,可以自己成為一句句子。
獨立子句:
- I feel weak. (我覺得虛弱。)
- The pain is sharp. (啲痛係刺痛。)
- She is waiting outside. (佢喺出面等緊。)
B. Dependent Clause 從屬子句
A dependent clause has a subject and a verb, but it does not express a complete thought by itself.
從屬子句有主語同動詞,但單獨出現時意思未完整,通常要連接另一個子句。
從屬子句:
好多時都係用 because、when、if、although、或者 that 開始。
- because I feel weak (因為我覺得虛弱)
- when I walk (當我行路嗰陣)
- if the pain continues
(如果痛楚持續) - although she is tired
(雖然佢攰)
Complete sentences
- I will see the doctor
because I feel weak.
(我會去睇醫生,因為我覺得虛弱。) - When I walk, it hurts.
(我行路嗰陣會痛。) - Call the clinic
if the pain continues.
(如果痛楚持續,就打畀診所。) - Although she is tired,
she is still working.
(雖然佢攰,佢仍然繼續工作。)
- I will see the doctor
4. 由詞組變成子句
比較以下例子:
| Phrase 詞組 | Clause 子句 |
|---|---|
| after the appointment 覆診之後 | after I see the doctor 我睇完醫生之後 |
| because of the pain 因為痛楚 | because I feel pain 因為我覺得痛 |
| before dinner 晚飯之前 | before we have dinner 我哋食晚飯之前 |
| in the morning 朝早 | when the morning comes 當朝早來到時 |
簡單記法
- Phrase:冇完整主語+動詞。
- Clause:有主語+動詞。
5. 重要提醒:中文和英文的分別
粵語通常可以省略主語,例如:「食咗飯未?」
但英文通常需要清楚寫出主語:
Have eaten yet?- Have you eaten yet?
(你食咗飯未?)
英文完整句子通常需要:
Subject + Verb
- I feel weak.
(我覺得虛弱。) - She is tired.
(佢攰。) - The pain hurts when I walk.
(我行路嗰陣會痛。)
- I feel weak.
另外,英文的 be 動詞不可隨意省略:
She tired.- She is tired.
(佢攰。)
6. 小練習
A. Phrase 還是 Clause?
寫 P(phrase)或 C(clause)。
- the big house
- my brother is ill
- after the appointment
- because I feel weak
- very painful
- she is waiting
B. 找出詞組
找出每句中的 noun phrase、adjective phrase 或 verb phrase。
- The sharp pain is
very worrying. - She has been waiting outside.
- I need some medicine.
C. 完成句子
從括號內選擇合適的部分。
- I will rest
(because I feel tired / because of tired). - (When I walk / When walk), it hurts.
- She (is very weak / very weak) today.
答案
A. Phrase 還是 Clause?
1. P;2. C;3. P;4. C;5. P;6. C。
B. 找出詞組
- Noun phrase:
The sharp pain;
adjective phrase:
very worrying。 - Verb phrase:
has been waiting。 - Noun phrase:
some medicine。
C. 完成句子
- because I feel tired
- When I walk
- is very weak
7. 課堂總結
- Phrase = 詞組;通常沒有完整的主語+動詞。
- Clause = 子句;有主語+動詞。
- Noun phrase 像名詞。
- Adjective phrase 形容人或事物。
- Verb phrase 表示動作或狀態。
- Independent clause 可以獨立成句。
- Dependent clause 需要連接另一個子句。
一句記憶口訣
Phrase gives information; clause gives a subject and a verb.詞組提供資料;子句提供主語和動詞。
